ڈیزائن کا خاکہ اور تفصیلات
Design & Technology · Key Stage 3 · The School
Brief and specification
A BRIEF states the problem and who it is for, in a sentence or two: design a lamp for a student desk in a shared room. A SPECIFICATION lists what the solution must do, in points that can each be checked. The brief is the question; the specification is the set of conditions any acceptable answer must meet.
Testable points
Every specification point should be checkable by measuring or observing. "Must be sturdy" cannot be checked; "must not tip when pushed from the side with 5 newtons" can. Numbers, limits and pass/fail wording turn opinions into tests, and they also settle arguments at the end about whether the design worked.
Client and user
The CLIENT commissions the work; the USER is who actually uses it. They are often different people, and where they conflict the designer has to be explicit about it — a school buys the chairs, the pupils sit on them. Naming both, and saying whose needs won where they clashed, is part of an honest design decision.
BRIEF: a lamp for a student's small desk. SPECIFICATION: (1) footprint no more than 150 × 150 mm; (2) illuminates an A4 page to at least 300 lux; (3) head adjustable through at least 90°; (4) uses a standard LED bulb; (5) stable when the head is fully extended, tested by a 5 N side push; (6) manufacturing cost under £12. Each one is testable. Note that "should look modern" appears nowhere.