The Seljuks enter Baghdad
1055 CE · The Abbasid Caliphate & Golden Age
Tughril Beg’s Seljuk Turks enter Baghdad at the caliph’s invitation, ending Buyid control and beginning the Turkish stewardship of the Sunni heartlands. Under Seljuk patronage the vizier Nizam al-Mulk builds the Nizamiyyah madrasa network — al-Ghazali taught at its Baghdad flagship — setting the template for organised religious higher education.