Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama founded
1912–1926 CE · The Modern Era
In the Dutch East Indies — today’s Indonesia — two mass organisations are founded a generation apart: Muhammadiyah (1912) and Nahdlatul Ulama (1926). They grow into the largest Islamic civil-society organisations in the world, together counting tens of millions of members and running schools, universities, hospitals, and orphanages by the tens of thousands — a model of Islam organised through education and service.