Yarmouk and al-Qadisiyyah
636 CE · The Rightly-Guided Caliphs
In the space of about a year, Muslim armies defeat the Byzantine empire at the Yarmouk river and the Sasanian empire at al-Qadisiyyah — the two superpowers of the age. Within a decade, Syria, Iraq, Egypt and Persia are under Muslim administration, with treaty protections for their peoples.