The Islamic Golden Age — Science and Learning
800–1100 CE · The Abbasid Caliphate & Golden Age
Muslim scholars lead global advances across every field: al-Khwarizmi invents algebra and gives us the word "algorithm" (from his name); Ibn al-Haytham founds the science of optics with the first scientific experiments; Ibn Sina (Avicenna) writes the Canon of Medicine, the standard European medical textbook for 700 years; al-Biruni measures the Earth's circumference to within 1% of the correct figure.